Effects of substance misuse and family history of substance use disorder on brain structure in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls

Introduction Literature shows overlapping alterations in brain structure Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. It is unclear to what extent family history (trait) effects and/or misuse (state) explain the observed overlap. Objectives Our aim was examine of (i) SUD (FH) (ii) on ADHD. Methods We compared structural MRI data (cortical thickness; subcortical volumes) between ADHD subjects controls with or without FH (ADHD-FH+: n=139; ADHD-FH-: n=86; controls-FH+: n=60; controls-FH-: n=74), FH-matched groups (ADHD+SM, ADHD-only controls, n=68 per group). Furthermore, we explored whether were more pronounced both parents (n=63) one parent (n=105) (n=160). Results There no main effect structure. ADHD+SM showed decreased CT inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) while difference found controls. Subjects thickness IFG volume nucleus accumbens (NAcc), those parent. Conclusions Substance might result smaller IFG, which line findings SUD-literature. A contribution premorbid alterations, due FH, could not be ruled out, particularly for thickness. Future studies should further investigate potential role these regions treatment prevention strategies. Disclosure No significant relationships.